dog knee

Knee conditions in dogs are a frequent reason for veterinary consultation. Among the most common are cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture, patellar luxation, and knee dysplasia.

Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) Rupture

This is probably the most common knee injury and typically presents with sudden lameness. It can occur due to trauma or degeneratively over time. This injury causes joint instability, pain, and swelling, and if left untreated, it can lead to arthritis.

Patellar Luxation

This is when the patella (kneecap) moves out of its normal position. It can be congenital or develop due to weakness in the tissues that hold the patella in place. It is more common in small breeds and can range from mild discomfort to significant pain and intermittent or constant lameness.

Knee Dysplasia

Less common than hip dysplasia, it can also affect the dog's mobility. It is a malformation of the joint that leads to improper alignment and abnormal cartilage wear. This causes chronic knee pain and difficulty moving.

Treatment for Knee Conditions

Treatment varies depending on the severity. It can range from anti-inflammatory and pain medications to surgical interventions. In many cases, orthopedic aids like canine knee braces can provide additional support, relieving pain and improving the dog's quality of life. It is essential to consult a veterinarian to obtain an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for each particular case.

Check out the orthopedic aids from Ortocanis, such as the knee orthosis the knee immobilizer, or the protector, to learn about their indications and how they can help your dog in treating knee issues and improving their quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the most common knee injury in dogs?

The most common knee injury in dogs is cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. This injury occurs when the ligament that stabilizes the knee joint tears, causing pain, lameness, and difficulty walking. It is common in dogs of all breeds and sizes, but especially in large, active breeds. CCL ruptures can be partial or complete and usually require surgical intervention to repair. Postoperative treatment includes rest, physical therapy, and, in some cases, activity modification to prevent future injuries.

What are the symptoms of a CCL rupture in dogs?

Symptoms of a cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs include sudden lameness in a hind leg, obvious pain when touching or manipulating the affected knee, difficulty getting up or climbing stairs, swelling around the joint, and sometimes an abnormal sitting posture (leg extended to the side). There may also be a decrease in the dog’s physical activity and resistance to walking or running. In chronic cases, the dog may develop muscle atrophy in the affected leg due to lack of use.

What causes a CCL rupture in dogs?

Causes include sudden trauma, such as sharp turns or jumps, progressive ligament wear due to age, genetic predisposition in certain breeds, obesity, which places additional pressure on the joints, and degenerative joint diseases. Active dogs or large breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers and Rottweilers, are at higher risk. Overweight and lack of physical conditioning also contribute to ligament weakening, increasing the likelihood of rupture during normal physical activities.

How is a CCL rupture treated in dogs?

Treatment may include rest and medications for minor cases, but most dogs require surgery to repair the torn ligament. Surgical options include extracapsular stabilization, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), and tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). The goal is to stabilize the knee joint and prevent further damage. After surgery, the dog needs rest, physical therapy, and pain management. In less severe cases, conservative treatment with strict rest, weight control, anti-inflammatories, and physical rehabilitation may be attempted. A knee brace can prepare the dog for surgery and minimize the effects of the injury in cases where surgery is not possible.

What does rehabilitation involve in a CCL rupture?

The goals of rehabilitation are to reduce pain, inflammation, and lameness, restore full mobility, strength, muscle mass, and joint control. It is important that the dog receives rehabilitation treatment from trained professionals who will select the best techniques for quick and effective recovery. The most commonly used therapies for treating cruciate ligament problems include massages, mobilizations, electrical currents therapy, ultrasound, laser therapy, aquatic therapy, balance and coordination training.

What orthopedic aids are available to help a dog with a CCL rupture?

Recovery in animals that may experience knee instability is accelerated with the use of a knee protector. This helps prevent recurrence or possible complications. Articulated knee orthoses can also be used in cases where surgery is not possible or if there is some impediment to performing it. These braces, designed exclusively for knee problems, progressively increase the degrees of flexion-extension while limiting unwanted movements, providing stability throughout the recovery.

How is a knee injury diagnosed in a dog?

To diagnose a knee injury in a dog, the veterinarian performs a physical examination, evaluating the lameness and palpating the joint to detect pain, swelling, or instability. The drawer test is performed, where the tibia is moved forward and backward relative to the femur to check for the integrity of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). Additionally, X-rays may be used to assess bone damage or arthritis, and in some cases, an MRI or arthroscopy is used for a more detailed view of soft tissues and the extent of the injury.

What is a patellar luxation?

A patellar luxation is a condition where the patella (kneecap) moves out of its normal position in the femoral groove. This causes pain, lameness, and difficulty walking. The luxation can be medial (towards the inside of the knee) or lateral (towards the outside). The severity varies, from mild episodes to chronic luxations that require surgery to correct the alignment of the patella and stabilize the joint.

What dog breeds are more prone to patellar luxation?

The dog breeds most prone to patellar luxation are small breeds. These include Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, Poodles, Shih Tzus, and Boston Terriers. It is also common in breeds like the Pekingese and French Bulldogs. This condition can be hereditary, frequently affecting dogs from specific lineages. The genetic predisposition and particular anatomical conformation of these breeds increase the risk of the patella dislocating from its normal position, causing mobility issues and pain.

What is knee arthritis, and how does it affect dogs?

Knee arthritis is a chronic inflammation of the joint caused by cartilage wear. In dogs, it leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Symptoms include lameness, difficulty getting up, reluctance to walk or play, and behavioral changes due to pain. The condition worsens over time, especially in older or overweight dogs. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory medications, joint supplements, weight control, moderate exercise, and, in some cases, physical therapies such as laser or acupuncture to relieve pain and improve the dog’s quality of life.

How can knee injuries be prevented in dogs?

Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Avoid excessive or high-impact exercise, especially in predisposed breeds. Strengthen muscles with controlled activities like walking and swimming. Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to detect problems early. Use non-slip surfaces at home to prevent slipping. Provide joint supplements if recommended by the vet. Avoid high jumps and sudden movements. These measures reduce the risk of injury and promote long-term joint health.

Why is my dog limping?

The causes of limping in dogs are varied. In this category, you will find aids for cases where the cause of the dog’s limping is localized in the knee. It is important to have a clear veterinary diagnosis to start treatment effectively. Limping is often a symptom of pain, and if confirmed to originate from the knee, you can use a knee brace or protector. Depending on whether the veterinarian recommends immobilization, you can opt for a knee immobilizer.